Heating and ventilating system.



Patented Nov. 20, I900.

v n SMEAD HEATING AND VENTILATING SYSTEM.

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IINiT'iD STATES ISAAC D. SMEAD, OF TOLEDO, OHIO;

HEATING AND VENTILATING SYSTEM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 662,103, dated November 20, 1900.

Application filed A u t; 17, I899- Serial No. 727,560. tlio model;

' proved system of heating and ventilating, the

construction and advantages of which will be hereinafter fully set forth, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, wherein the apparatus is shown in a vertical sectional view in conjunction with a building.

One object of my invention is to provide a simple and highlyefficient heating plant wherein the heat derived from a single fire may be transmitted and diffused throughout the building with but little loss and a rela-- tively small consumption of fuel.

A further object of the invention is the utilization of the entire heat of the furnace by so constructing and placing the boiler within the stack proper that practically all the heat units passing out from the fire will be utilized.

A still further object of the invention is the construction of a boiler in such a manner that it will be subject to but little wear and tear through use, and consequently its life rendered longer than would otherwise be possible.

Other advantages are present and will appear in the following description.

In the annexed drawings, Figure l is a vertical sectional view of a building, showing the several rooms, the stack, the boiler, and the various connections made thereto; and Fig. 2, a vertical sectional view of the stack and boiler, taken on a line at right angles to the line of section of Fig. 1.

In practice it will be found desirable to build the stack or flue A centrally in the building, though it is manifest that the location of the stack may be determined by the conditions and requirements of each particular building. Where, however, it is possible to place the stack centrally, it will be found advantageous so to do.

Within the lower portion of the stack I form a combustion-chamber B, preferably made up of ti 'e-brick or the like, beneath which is mounted any suitable grate O. The fire-chain ber is surrounded by an annular space D, which is in direct communication with a blower E and is also in communication with the inner portion of the tire-chamber through a series of perforations F.

The upper end of the fire-chamber is provided with a central exit or outlet G and also with a series of independent outlets H, which extend out to the edge of the opening in the base of the chimney.

Mounted within the main body of the stack, Fig. 1, is a boiler composed of three sections or drums I, J, and K, the lowest section being connected to the central section by a series of water-tubes L, while said central section is connected to the section above by a series of tubes M. Each of said sections is preferably formed with a central opening, and the outer diameter of each section is less than the inner diameter of the stack, so that the sections are exposed to the heat and products of combustion emanating and passing up from the furnace upon all sides.

Where the chimney is made larger at its base, as is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the lowermost section will be made larger than the succeeding one, while the central section is larger than the one above. \Vhile this is preferable, it is of course immaterial, and the sections may be made of equal or larger diameter/ts they reach the upper endof the stack or chimney. The upper section is provided with a suitable safetyvalve N, and the chimney or stack is provided with a regulating-damper O, which is controlled by the furnace attendant. EX- tending from the uppermost section K of the furnace are suitable laterals P, from which extend downwardly pipes Q, which at-each floor are connected, as shown, to radiators. The lowermost ends of said pipes Q are in turn connected to suitable laterals S, which extend beneath the floor of the first story and lead back to the lowermost section I of the boiler. It will thus be seen that the hot water will pass from the uppermost section of the boiler out through the laterals P, down through pipes Q, through the radiators R, and back to the lowermost section I of the furnace of the boiler through the laterals S. In practice the uppermost section will not be filled entirely and will act, in addition to a heating-surface, as an expansion chamber or tank, as it is well-known that as the water becomes more highly heated in a hot-water system it expands and provision must be made therefor.

In order to secure the proper introduction of fresh air into the rooms, the radiators are arranged in connection with fresh=air inlets T, which extend out through the walls of the building, as is clearly indicated in the drawings. Each room is also provided with a suitable exit U, placed at or near the floor-line and in direct communication with a ventilatingstack V, which extends up through the buildinginto the attic,where itis provided with a suitable exhaust-fan or blower W. The air withdrawn from the rooms through the stacks V may be discharged directly into the attic, if so desired, and thus the benefit of the heat retained, which in a measure will serve to keep the upper rooms of the building warm, or, if so desired, the products of combustion may be passed out through the roof and discharged directly into the atmosphere, as is indicated upon the left-hand side of the drawings.

The exhaust-fan for each room is under the direct control of the teacher, so that the ventilation of the rooms is independently controllable. I

With hot-water heating it is essential that there should be a proper introduction of fresh air into the room, and also that said air should be heated more or less as it passes into the room. It is likewise essential that the foul air should be withdrawn from the room, and the means herein shown and described are to be construed only in their illustrative sense.

It will be noted from the construction of the boiler herein shown that all of the prodnets of combustion come into direct and intimate contact therewith. After the building has become once thoroughly heated the attendant, by manipulating the damper 0, may check the fire somewhat and hold the products of combustion in the chimney around and in intimate contact with the boiler proper. The water ascending from thelowermost section toward the uppermost does not, as is the rule of most hot-water systems, lose its heat, but rather gains in temperature as it passes up toward the top section K. Thus it will be seen that a quick circulation throughout the system is insured.

It is of course evident that the construction of the furnace beneath the boiler may be varied without departing from the spirit of my invention, and I do not therefore desire to limit myself to any particular type of furnace. The construction shown will, however, be found efficacious in practice.

In Fig. 2 I have shown a stack and a boiler mounted therein, the boiler having four drums or sections all connected with suitable pipes or tubes. It will also be noted that each drum is provided with a manhole a, di-

rectly opposite a manhole 1), formed in the stack. As will be noted upon reference to said Fig. 2, the inner lower face of each manhole I) is made on an incline, so that the tubes or pipes when loosened or separated from the drums may be readily tilted and drawn out therethrough. The operator of course first enters the drums or heads through the manholes a and loosens the tubes from inside, the tubes being swaged in, as is usual.

From this construction it will readily be seen that the boiler may be easily repaired and a new tube substituted with facility.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. In a heating system, the combination of a stack or chimney; a lire-chain her located at the lower end thereof and communicating with the st-ackthrough a central opening Gr and a series of openings H; a boiler mounted within said stack or chimney, said boiler comprising an annular bottom section I, upper section K and intermediate section J; and pipes connecting said sections, substantially as described.

2. In a heating system, the combination of a stack orchimney; a fire-chamber located at the lower end of said chimney; a boiler located wholly within said chimney and extending from the lowerend thereof to a point near its upper end; suitable laterals extending out from the upper end of said boiler; pipes Q connected to said laterals; a series of radiators connected to said pipes Q; and laterals S connecting the lower end of said pipes Q with the lowermost end of the boiler.

3. In a heating system, the combination of a stack or chimney; a fire-chamber located at the lower end thereof; a boiler mounted with in said stack or chimney, said boiler comprising a series of drums or sections connected by pipes; a central opening formed in the upper face of the fire-chamber and discharging into the stack through the lowermost section of the boiler; and a series of openings also extending from the chamber to a point at the base of the chimney exterior to the lowermost section of the boiler.

4. In a heating system, the combination of a main stack or chimney; a fire-chamber lo cated at the lower end thereof; a boiler mounted within said chimney, said boiler-comprising a series of sections or drums connected by tubes or pipes; manholes formed in said sections; and manholes formed in the stack in line with the manholes in the drums, said chimney manholes having inclined lower faces, substantially as and'for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ISAAC D. SMEAD.

Witnesses:

FREDERICK L. GEDDEs, EARLE S. BURNETT. 

